1. State the two laws of reflection of light.
2. A ray of light is incident on a plane mirror at an angle of 30° with the mirror surface. Calculate the angle of reflection.
3. Explain "Lateral Inversion" with an example.
4. If you stand 2 m in front of a plane mirror, what is the distance between you and your image?
5. What is the minimum size of a plane mirror required to see the full image of a person of height H?
6. Define the principal focus of a concave mirror.
7. Draw the path of a ray passing through the Center of Curvature of a concave mirror after reflection. Why does it follow this path?
8. What is the relationship between Radius of Curvature ($R$) and Focal length ($f$).
9. A convex mirror has a radius of curvature of 30 cm. Find its focal length.
10. State the nature of the image formed by a convex mirror for any position of the object.
11. Draw a ray diagram to show image formation when an object is placed at 'C' of a concave mirror.
12. Draw a ray diagram for an object placed between 'P' and 'F' of a concave mirror. State the nature of the image.
13. Where should an object be placed in front of a concave mirror to get a real, inverted and magnified image?
14. Why do dentists use concave mirrors?
15. Draw the ray diagram for an object at infinity for a concave mirror.
16. An object of height 5 cm is placed 20 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find the position, nature, and size of the image.
17. A convex mirror used for rear-view has a radius of curvature 3 m. If a bus is 5 m from this mirror, find the position of the image.
18. An object is placed 10 cm from a mirror. A real image is formed 20 cm from the mirror. Calculate focal length and identify the mirror.
19. Find the magnification if an image is 3 times the size of the object and is Real.
20. An arrow 2.5 cm high is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a diverging mirror of focal length 20 cm. Find the nature and position of the image.
21. Define Refractive Index in terms of speed of light.
22. Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1.50. What is the speed of light in the glass?
23. The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What is the meaning of this statement?
24. Draw a diagram showing the refraction of light through a rectangular glass slab. Label the lateral displacement.
25. State Snell's law of refraction.
26. Differentiate between a Convex and Concave lens based on their action on a parallel beam of light.
27. Draw a ray diagram for a convex lens when object is at $2F_1$.
28. Draw a ray diagram showing the formation of a virtual image by a convex lens.
29. Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens to get a real image of the same size as the object?
30. A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect image. Illustrate with a ray diagram.
31. A convex lens of focal length 10 cm is placed at a distance of 12 cm from a wall. How far from the lens should an object be placed to form its real image on the wall?
32. An object 5 cm tall is placed 25 cm from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm. Find position, size and nature of image.
33. A concave lens has focal length of 15 cm. At what distance should the object be placed so that it forms an image at 10 cm from the lens?
34. Find the focal length of a lens of power -2.0 D. What type of lens is this?
35. A doctor has prescribed a corrective lens of power +1.5 D. Find the focal length of the lens. Is the prescribed lens diverging or converging?
36. Define 1 Dioptre of power.
37. Two lenses of power +2D and -0.5D are placed in contact. What is the net power of the combination?
38. Find the effective focal length of the combination in the above question.
39. Why do we combine lenses in optical instruments?
40. If three lenses of power $P_1, P_2, P_3$ are combined, write the formula for net power.
41. The refractive index of water is 4/3 and glass is 3/2. Find the refractive index of glass with respect to water.
42. A doctor prescribes a corrective lens of power -0.5 D. What is the focal length and nature of the lens?
43. Light enters from air into a medium A with speed $2 \times 10^8$ m/s. Find the refractive index of medium A.
44. Two thin lenses of power +3.5 D and -2.5 D are placed in contact. Find the power and focal length of the combination.
45. If the refractive index of a medium is 1.5, what is the critical angle? (Optional/Advanced) OR: State the unit of Refractive Index.
46. A ray of light does not bends at the boundary of two media. State two conditions when this is possible.
47. Can a convex mirror ever form a real image? Explain your answer.
48. Why is a convex lens called a converging lens?
49. "A lens can be considered as a collection of prisms". Justify.
50. How does the focal length of a lens change when it is immersed in water?
51. Calculate speed of light in glass of refractive index 1.5. (Given $c=3\times10^8$ m/s).
52. Refractive index of water is 4/3. Calculate speed of light in water.
53. Speed of light in a medium is $2 \times 10^8$ m/s. Calculate absolute refractive index of the medium.
54. Light enters from air into diamond ($n=2.42$). Calculate speed of light in diamond.
55. If speed of light in medium A is $2 \times 10^8$ m/s and in medium B is $2.5 \times 10^8$ m/s. Find refractive index of A with respect to B.