VARDAAN LEARNING INSTITUTE

1. Light is a form of energy that produces the sensation of ___________.
2. Light travels in a ___________ line.
3. The speed of light in vacuum is ___________ m/s.
4. An object that emits its own light is called a ___________ object.
5. A highly polished surface, such as a mirror, reflects most of the ___________ falling on it.
6. The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of ___________.
7. The incident ray, the normal, and the reflected ray all lie in the ___________ plane.
8. Image formed by a plane mirror is always ___________ and ___________.
9. The image formed by a plane mirror is at the ___________ distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.
10. The phenomenon where left appears right and right appears left in a mirror is called ___________.
11. A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards is called a ___________ mirror.
12. A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved outwards is called a ___________ mirror.
13. The center of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is called the ___________.
14. The center of the sphere of which the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part is called the ___________.
15. The radius of the sphere of which the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part is called the ___________.
16. The straight line passing through the pole and the center of curvature is called the ___________.
17. The diameter of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is called its ___________.
18. The point on the principal axis where rays parallel to the axis converge after reflection (in concave mirror) is called the ___________.
19. The distance between the pole and the principal focus is called the ___________.
20. The relationship between Radius of Curvature (R) and Focal Length (f) is R = ___________.

21. All distances are measured from the Pole of the mirror.
22. Distances measured in the direction of incident light are taken as positive.
23. Distances measured against the direction of incident light are taken as positive.
24. Perpendicular distances above the principal axis are taken as positive.
25. Perpendicular distances below the principal axis are taken as positive.
26. The mirror formula is given by $1/v + 1/u = 1/f$.
27. Magnification m is given by $m = h'/h$.
28. For a real image, magnification is positive.
29. For a virtual image, magnification is positive.
30. In terms of v and u, magnification $m = -v/u$.
31. Concave mirrors can produce both real and virtual images.
32. Convex mirrors always produce real images.
33. The focal length of a concave mirror is taken as positive.
34. The focal length of a convex mirror is taken as positive.
35. Dentists use convex mirrors to see large images of teeth.
36. Convex mirrors are used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles.
37. A concave mirror produces a virtual, erect, and magnified image when the object is placed between F and P.
38. A convex mirror produces a virtual, erect, and diminished image for all positions of the object.
39. Solar furnaces use large convex mirrors to focus sunlight.
40. The field of view of a convex mirror is wider than that of a plane mirror.

41. Bending of light when it passes from one medium to another is called:
    a) Reflection b) Refraction c) Dispersion d) Scattering
42. When light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, it bends:
    a) Towards the normal b) Away from the normal c) Undeviated d) None of these
43. When light travels from a denser to a rarer medium, it bends:
    a) Towards the normal b) Away from the normal c) Undeviated d) None of these
44. The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is constant. This is:
    a) Law of Reflection b) Snell's Law c) Ohm's Law d) Newton's Law
45. The constant in Snell's Law is called:
    a) Critical Index b) Refractive Index c) Reflection Index d) Optical Density
46. The speed of light is maximum in:
    a) Water b) Glass c) Diamond d) Vacuum
47. Absolute refractive index of a medium is the ratio of speed of light in vacuum to speed of light in:
    a) Water b) Air c) The Medium d) Glass
48. Refractive index of water is:
    a) 1.00 b) 1.33 c) 1.50 d) 2.42
49. Refractive index of Crown Glass is approximately:
    a) 1.33 b) 1.52 c) 2.42 d) 1.00
50. Which medium has the highest refractive index among the following?
    a) Water b) Glass c) Diamond d) Kerosene
51. An optically denser medium has:
    a) Lower speed of light b) Higher speed of light c) Same speed of light d) Infinite speed
52. A rectangular glass slab produces:
    a) Deviation b) Lateral Displacement c) Dispersion d) Scattering
53. Lateral displacement depends on:
    a) Thickness of slab b) Angle of incidence c) Refractive index d) All of these
54. For normal incidence (angle i = 0), the angle of refraction is:
    a) 90 deg b) 45 deg c) 0 deg d) 180 deg
55. The SI unit of Refractive Index is:
    a) m/s b) m c) Dioptre d) No unit

Match Column A with Column B:

Options: (A) Both True and R explains A. (B) Both True but R does not explain A. (C) A True, R False. (D) A False, R True.

66. Assertion: A convex lens can form real as well as virtual images.
    Reason: The nature of image depends on the object position.
67. Assertion: A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect, and diminished image.
    Reason: A concave lens diverges light rays.
68. Assertion: Power of a lens is inversely proportional to its focal length.
    Reason: $P = 1/f$ (in meters).
69. Assertion: An air bubble in water behaves like a concave lens.
    Reason: Water is optically denser than air.
70. Assertion: If magnification is -1, the image is same size and inverted.
    Reason: Negative sign indicates Real and Inverted image.

71. If R = 20 cm, what is f?
72. If f = -10 cm, what is the power?
73. If Power = +2 D, what is the focal length?
74. If magnification m = +1, what type of mirror is it?
75. Speed of light in vacuum is $3 \times 10^8$ m/s. If refractive index is 1.5, what is speed in medium?
76. If angle of incidence is 45 degree and Reflection angle is x, what is x?
77. A ray hits a mirror normally. What is angle of incidence?
78. How many images are formed by two parallel plane mirrors?
79. What is the magnification of a plane mirror?
80. If an object is 10 cm from a plane mirror, how far is the image from the object?
81. Name the phenomenon involved in the working of a lens.
82. What kind of mirror is used in solar furnaces?
83. Does frequency of light change during refraction?
84. Does wavelength of light change during refraction?
85. Does speed of light change during refraction?
86. Can a convex mirror form a Real Image?
87. Where is the image formed if object is at Infinity (Convex Lens)?
88. Where is object placed to get virtual image in Convex Lens?
89. What is the nature of image formed by Concave Lens at Infinity?
90. Name the point inside a lens through which light passes undeviated.

91. The magnification formula for a spherical mirror is _________.
92. The magnification formula for a spherical lens is _________.
93. The SI unit of Power of a lens is _________.
94. The relationship $f = R/2$ is valid for _________ mirrors.
95. Absolute refractive index of a medium is always greater than _________.
96. A ray of light incident normally on a mirror reflects back at an angle of _________.
97. The center of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is called _________.
98. A lens with positive power is always _________ (Converging/Diverging).
99. The refractive index of diamond is _________.
100. A water droplet in air acts like a _________ lens.