Section A: Conceptual Logic
Answer the following:
- Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper?
- While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that acid should be added to water and not vice versa?
- Why does an aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity?
- Compounds like alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorized as acids. Why?
- Why do basic solutions also have H$^+$(aq) ions? If yes, then why are they basic?
- Under what soil condition does a farmer treat the soil of his fields with quick lime (calcium oxide)
or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide)?
- What is the function of tartaric acid in baking powder?
- Why should Plaster of Paris be stored in a moisture-proof container?
- Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rain water does?
- Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain.
Section B: Reactions into Equations
Write balanced chemical equations for the following:
- Reaction of Zinc granules with dilute Sulphuric acid.
- Reaction of Zinc granules with Sodium Hydroxide solution. (Important)
- Reaction of Calcium carbonate with dilute Hydrochloric acid.
- Reaction of Sodium carbonate with dilute Hydrochloric acid.
- Passing excess Carbon dioxide through Lime water.
- Reaction of Copper Oxide with dilute Hydrochloric acid.
- Reaction of Sodium Hydroxide with Hydrochloric acid.
- Heating of Baking Soda (Thermal decomposition).
- Preparation of Bleaching powder.
- Recrystallisation of Sodium carbonate.
- Mixing Plaster of Paris with water.
Section C: Salts and Their Uses
Identify the Salt used for the following purposes:
- For disinfecting drinking water to make it free of germs.
- For making toys and materials for decoration.
- For removing permanent hardness of water.
- For making crispy pakoras in the kitchen.
- In soda-acid fire extinguishers.
- In glass, soap and paper industries.
- As an antacid to remove acidity.
- For supporting fractured bones.
- As a cleaning agent for domestic purposes (clothes).
- For bleaching wood pulp in paper factories.
Section D: Reasoning from Everyday Life
Explain the chemistry behind:
- When we are stung by a honey-bee, we feel pain and irritation. Applying mild base like baking soda
gives relief. Why?
- Nettle leaves have stinging hair which cause painful stings. What is the natural remedy available in
the wild?
- Why does a copper vessel get tarnished with a green coating in rainy season? (Actually Chapter 3,
but related to basic carbonate).
- A milkman converts milk into curd. Why does he add a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk?
- Why does the milk take a long time to set as curd if baking soda is added?