VARDAAN LEARNING INSTITUTE MOCK TEST SERIES

VARDAAN LEARNING INSTITUTE

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER (MOCK TEST 1) - 2025-26
CLASS: X SUBJECT: SCIENCE (086)
Time Allowed: 2.5 Hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

  1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.
  2. Section A: 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.
  3. Section B: 6 Very Short questions carrying 2 marks each (30 to 50 words).
  4. Section C: 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 3 marks each (50 to 80 words).
  5. Section D: 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 5 marks each (80 to 120 words).
  6. Section E: 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 4 marks each.
SECTION - A (20 Marks)
1. Which of the following reactions is used in white-washing walls?
2. A student takes about 2 mL ethanoic acid in a dry test tube and adds a pinch of sodium carbonate to it. What will the student observe?
3. In the reactivity series, which of the following metals can displace Hydrogen from dilute acids?
4. Which part of the alimentary canal receives bile from the liver?
5. The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in:
6. Which plant hormone promotes cell division and is present in greater concentration in fruits and seeds?
7. In a flower, the parts that produce male and female gametes (germ cells) are:
8. If a round, green seeded pea plant (RRyy) is crossed with wrinkled, yellow seeded pea plant (rrYY), the seeds produced in the F1 generation are:
9. The image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be virtual, erect and larger than the object. Where should be the position of the object?
10. Which of the following phenomena of light are involved in the formation of a rainbow?
11. A cylindrical conductor of length \(l\) and uniform area of cross-section \(A\) has resistance \(R\). Another conductor of length \(2l\) and resistance \(R\) of the same material has an area of cross-section:
12. The magnetic field lines inside a current-carrying long straight solenoid are:
13. In a food chain, the third trophic level is always occupied by:
14. In the reaction \(MnO_2 + 4HCl \rightarrow MnCl_2 + 2H_2O + Cl_2\), the substance oxidized is:
15. Which of the following represents the correct order of refractive indices?
16. Which of the following is a biodegradable waste?

For Questions 17 to 20, two statements are given – one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:

17. Assertion (A): Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
Reason (R): A large amount of energy is required to break the strong inter-ionic attraction.
18. Assertion (A): The sex of a child in humans is determined by the father.
Reason (R): Humans have two types of sex chromosomes: XX and XY. Males have XY chromosomes.
19. Assertion (A): A compass needle is placed near a current-carrying wire. The deflection of the compass needle decreases when the compass is moved away from the wire.
Reason (R): Strength of the magnetic field decreases as the distance from the conductor increases.
20. Assertion (A): Green plants are called producers.
Reason (R): They break down complex organic substances into simple inorganic substances.
SECTION - B (12 Marks)
21. A white powder is added while baking breads and cakes to make them soft and fluffy.
(a) Write the name and chemical formula of this powder.
(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place when this powder is heated.
22. (a) Name the hormone which regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in our body. Which gland secretes this hormone?
(b) Why is the use of iodised salt advised?
23. Explain how water and minerals are transported in plants. What is the main driving force for this process during the day?
24. (a) Define the power of a lens.
(b) A doctor has prescribed a corrective lens of power +1.5 D. Find the focal length of the lens. Is the prescribed lens diverging or converging?
25. An electric bulb is rated 220 V and 100 W. When it is operated on 110 V, calculate the power consumed.
26. "Flow of energy in a food chain is unidirectional." Justify this statement.
SECTION - C (21 Marks)
27. (a) Show the formation of Magnesium Chloride (\(MgCl_2\)) by the transfer of electrons. [Atomic numbers: Mg = 12, Cl = 17]
(b) Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state but not in solid state?
28. (a) State the modern periodic law.
(b) Elements A, B, C, and D have atomic numbers 1, 8, 11, and 19 respectively. Choose the odd element and give the reason for your answer.
29. Answer the following questions regarding the female reproductive system:
(a) Identify the specific part where fertilization takes place.
(b) Identify the specific part where implantation of the embryo occurs.
(c) What happens to the lining of the uterus if the egg is not fertilized?
30. A blue flower plant (BB) is crossed with a white flower plant (bb).
(a) What is the colour of the flowers in the F1 generation?
(b) What percentage of the plants will have white flowers in the F2 generation if F1 plants are self-pollinated?
(c) State the ratio of genotype BB and Bb in the F2 generation.
31. (a) What is meant by the dispersion of white light? Name the component colours formed when white light passes through a glass prism.
(b) Why do stars twinkle but planets do not?
32. Answer the following questions regarding a current-carrying solenoid:
(a) How do the magnetic field lines inside the solenoid differ from those outside?
(b) State the rule used to determine the polarity of the solenoid.
(c) State one way to increase the strength of the magnetic field of a solenoid.
33. Construct a food chain comprising the following: Frog, Grass, Insects, Snake, Hawk.
(a) Which organism in this food chain has the highest concentration of non-biodegradable chemicals? Name the phenomenon.
(b) If 10,000 J of solar energy is available to the grass, how much energy will be available to the snakes?
SECTION - D (15 Marks)
34. (a) What is a homologous series? List any two characteristics of a homologous series.
(b) Describe the bonding in Ethene (\(C_2H_4\)) and show the electron sharing between atoms.
(c) Differentiate between soaps and detergents based on their cleaning action in hard water.
OR
(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction of Ethanol with: (i) Sodium metal, (ii) Hot concentrated Sulphuric acid.
(b) Explain the cleansing action of soap. Describe how a micelle is formed during this process.
35. (a) Describe the flow of blood through the human heart, naming the main chambers and vessels involved.
(b) Why is double circulation necessary in human beings?
(c) What are the functions of lymph in our body?
OR
(a) Describe the structure and function of the human excretory system (Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder).
(b) Describe the mechanism of urine formation in nephrons.
36. (a) State Ohm’s Law. Describe an experiment to verify this law, mentioning the components required and the expected result.
(b) Two resistors of 5 \(\Omega\) and 10 \(\Omega\) are connected in parallel. This combination is connected in series with a 5 \(\Omega\) resistor and a 6 V battery. Calculate the total current flowing in the circuit.
OR
(a) What is meant by the heating effect of electric current? Derive an expression for the heat produced (\(H = I^2Rt\)).
(b) An electric iron of resistance 20 \(\Omega\) takes a current of 5 A. Calculate the heat developed in 30 s.
SECTION - E (12 Marks)
37. Read the following text and answer the questions:
Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are solids at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid. Metals can form positive ions by losing electrons to non-metals. Metals combine with oxygen to form basic oxides. Aluminium oxide and zinc oxide show the properties of both basic as well as acidic oxides. These oxides are known as amphoteric oxides.
38. Read the following text and answer the questions:
Gregor Johann Mendel was the first to study the inheritance of traits in peas. He used a number of contrasting visible characters of garden peas—round/wrinkled seeds, tall/short plants, white/violet flowers, etc. He took pea plants with different characteristics – a tall plant and a short plant, produced progeny by crossing them, and calculated the percentages of tall or short progeny.
39. Read the following text and answer the questions:
A student performs an experiment with a convex lens. He places a candle flame at different distances from the lens and observes the image formed on a screen. He observes that as he moves the candle closer to the lens (but beyond the focus), the image moves away from the lens and becomes larger.